1. Pfupiso
Tambo yemukati inoshandiswa nemafungu enguva refu uye yakasarudzwa kuti ishandiswe inogadziriswa nemabhaudhi akajairwauye mabhoti anozvivharira ega, akaongororwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekusunga, uye musiyano uripo pakati pemabhoti echibatiso neanozvivharira ekugadzirisa makomba echibatiso anoongororwa. Mhedzisiro: Nzira yekugadzirisa mabhoti nebhoti inowana maficha akasiyana ekugadzirisa, chiyero chenguva yekukiya cheni chinoita kuti kuzvivharira kwega uye chiyero chenguva chekuzvivharira kwekuzvivharira zvienderane nezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Nekuda kwegwara rekufamba rakajairika, maficha akasiyana akawanikwa achaenda kurudyi.
2. Uzivi hweKuedza
Pari zvino, nzira ye ultrasound inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwezvirwere.bvunzo yesimba re axial bholtyenzvimbo yekunamatira ye subsystem yemotokari, kureva kuti, hukama hune hunhu hwehunhu (bolt calibration curve) pakati pebolt axial force uye musiyano wenguva yenzwi re ultrasonic unowanikwa pachine nguva, uye bvunzo inotevera ye subsystem chaiyo yechikamu inoitwa. Simba re axial rebholt mukubatana kwekuomesa rinogona kuwanikwa nekuyera musiyano wenguva yenzwi rebholt ne ultrasound uye kutarisa ku calibration curve. Nokudaro, kuwana calibration curve chaiyo kwakakosha zvikuru pakururama kwemhedzisiro yekuyera simba rebholt axial mu subsystem chaiyo yechikamu. Parizvino, nzira dzekuongorora dze ultrasonic dzinosanganisira nzira ye single wave (kureva nzira ye longitudinal wave) uye nzira ye transverse longitudinal wave.
Mukuita kwekugadzirisa mabhaudhi, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuenzanisa, zvakaita sehurefu hwekusunga, tembiricha, kumhanya kwemuchina wekusunga, maturusi ekugadzirisa, nezvimwewo. Parizvino, nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekuenzanisa mabhaudhi inzira yekusimbisa kutenderera. Mabhaudhi anogadziriswa pabhenji rekuyedza mabhaudhi, izvo zvinoda kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvekutsigira zve sensor yesimba re axial, inova ndiro yekumanikidza uye chibatiso chegomba remukati rine shinda. Basa rechibatiso chegomba remukati rine shinda nderekutsiva nzungu dzenguva dzose. Dhizaini inodzivirira kusununguka inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzinosungirirwa dzine high safety factor yemotokari chassis kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwekusunga kwayo. Imwe yematanho ekudzivirira kusununguka ari kushandiswa parizvino i self-locking nut, kureva, torque locking nut inoshanda.
Munyori anoshandisa nzira ye longitudinal wave uye anoshandisa shinda yemukati yakagadzirwa neake kuti asarudze nati yakajairika nenati inozvivharira yega kuti igadzirise bhaudhi. Kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzekusimbisa uye nzira dzekugadzirisa, musiyano uripo pakati penati yakajairika nenati inozvivharira yega kuti igadzirise bhaudhi rinotenderera unodzidzwa. Kuyedzwa kwesimba remagetsi emota subsystem kunoita mamwe mazano.
Kuedza simba remabhoti uchishandisa tekinoroji ye ultrasonic inzira yekuyedza isina kunanga. Zvichienderana nepfungwa ye sonoelasticity, kumhanya kwekupararira kweruzha muzvinhu zvakasimba kwakabatana nekumanikidzwa, saka mafungu e ultrasonic anogona kushandiswa kuwana simba remabhoti [5-8]. Bhati rinozvitambanudza panguva yekusimba, uye panguva imwe chete rinoburitsa kushushikana kwe tensile. Kurova kwe ultrasonic kuchatumirwa kubva kumusoro webhati kuenda kumuswe. Nekuda kwekuchinja kamwe kamwe muhuwandu hwepakati, ichadzoka nenzira yekutanga, uye pamusoro pebhati ichagamuchira chiratidzo kuburikidza ne piezoelectric ceramic. musiyano wenguva Δt. Dhiyagiramu ye schematic yekuedzwa kwe ultrasonic inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Musiyano wenguva unoenderana nekureba.
Kuedza simba remabhoti uchishandisa tekinoroji ye ultrasonic inzira yekuyedza isina kunanga. Zvichienderana nepfungwa ye sonoelasticity, kumhanya kwekupararira kweruzha muzvinhu zvakasimba kwakabatana nekumanikidzwa, saka mafungu e ultrasound anogona kushandiswa kuwanasimba remabhoti. Bhaudhi rinozvitambanudza panguva yekusunga, uye panguva imwe chete rinoburitsa axial tensile stress. Kurova kwe ultrasonic kuchapfuudzwa kubva pamusoro webhaudhi kuenda kumuswe. Nekuda kwekuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaitika muhuwandu hwepakati, richadzoka nenzira yekutanga, uye pamusoro pebhaudhi richagamuchira chiratidzo kuburikidza ne piezoelectric ceramic. musiyano wenguva Δt. Dhiyagiramu yekuongorora kwe ultrasonic inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Musiyano wenguva unoenderana nekureba.
M12 mm × 1.75 mm × 100 mm uye wobva watsanangura mabhoti acho, shandisa mabhoti akajairwa kugadzirisa mabhoti mashanu akadaro, tanga washandisa bvunzo yekuzvinamira ine mhando dzakasiyana dze calibration solder paste, iplate ye spiral yakagadzirwa kuti ikwanise bhaudhi uye dzvanya. Kana uchiskena wave yekutanga (ndiko kuti, kurekodha L0 yekutanga), wobva waikurunga kusvika ku100 N m + 30° uchishandisa chishandiso chimwe (chinonzi nzira yerudzi rweI), uye chimwe ndechekuskena wave yekutanga uye kuikurunga kusvika pahukuru hwayo nepfuti inosimbisa (inonzi nzira yerudzi rweI). Kune nzira yerudzi rwechipiri), pachava nerudzi rwakati mukuita uku (sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 4) 5 ndiyo bhoti yakajairika uye nzira yekuzvikiyira. Curve mushure mekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nenzira yerudzi rweI Mufananidzo 6 ndiyo mhando yekuzvikiyira. Mufananidzo 6 ikirasi yekuzvikiyira. Makoroti ekirasi yeI neClass II. Nzira yekushandisa inogona kunge iri, kushandisa curve yakasarudzika yekirasi yeanchor anchor yakajairika, yakafanana chaizvo (ese anopfuura nepakutanga nechiyero chechikamu chakafanana uye nhamba yemapoinzi); kiya rudzi rwe index rwemhando yeanchor point (rudzi rweI nechiratidzo cheanchor, kutsvedza kwemusiyano wepakati uye nhamba yemapoinzi); kuwana kufanana)
Kuedza 3 ndekwekuisa Y3 coordinate yeGraph Setup musoftware yekutora data se coordinate yetembiricha (uchishandisa external temperature sensor), isa daro re idling rebhoti kusvika 60 mm kuti rikwanise kugadziriswa, uye nyora torque/axial force/temperature uye curve ye angle. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 8, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nekuramba uchikwesha bhoti, tembiricha iri kuramba ichikwira, uye kukwira kwetembiricha kunogona kuonekwa sekunge kwakarongeka. Samples ina dzebhoti dzakasarudzwa kuti dzikwanise kugadziriswa ne self-locking nuts. Mufananidzo 9 unoratidza calibration curves dzebhoti ina. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ma curves mana ese akashandurwa kurudyi, asi dhigirii rekushandura rakasiyana. Tafura 2 inonyora daro iro calibration curve inochinja ichienda kurudyi uye tembiricha inowedzera panguva yekusimba. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti dhigirii re calibration curve inochinja ichienda kurudyi rinoenderana nekuwedzera kwetembiricha.
3. Mhedziso neKukurukurirana
Bhaudhi rinoitwa pamwe chete nekumanikidzwa kweaxial uye kumanikidzwa kwekutenderera panguva yekusimba, uye simba rinobuda rezviviri izvi rinozoita kuti bhaudhi ribude. Mukusimbaradzwa kwebhaudhi, simba reaxial rebhaudhi chete ndiro rinoonekwa pa calibration curve kuti ripe simba rekusunga re subsystem. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mumhedzisiro yebvunzo iri muMufananidzo 5 kuti, kunyangwe iri self-locking nut, kana hurefu hwekutanga hwakanyorwa mushure mekunge bhaudhi ratenderedzwa nemaoko kusvika parinenge rava kuda kukwana pamusoro pebearing plate yepressure, mhedzisiro ye calibration curve inoenderana zvachose neye nut yakajairika. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mumamiriro aya, simba re self-locking torque ye self-locking nut harina basa.
Kana bhaudhi rakasungirirwa zvakananga mu self-locking nut nepfuti yemagetsi, curve ichaenda kurudyi yese, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti self-locking torque inokanganisa musiyano wenguva ye acoustic mu calibration curve. Tarisa chikamu chekutanga che curve chakachinjirwa kurudyi, zvichiratidza kuti axial force haisati yagadzirwa pasi pemamiriro ekuti bhaudhi rine huwandu hwakati hwelongation, kana kuti axial force idiki kwazvo, izvo zvakaenzana nekuti bhaudhi harina kudzvanywa pa axial force sensor. Kutambanudza, zviri pachena kuti elongation yebhaudhi panguva ino i false elongation, kwete real elongation. Chikonzero chekureba kwenhema ndechekuti kupisa kunogadzirwa ne self-locking torque panguva ye air tightening process kunokanganisa kupararira kwema ultrasonic waves, ayo anoratidzwa pa curve. Zvinoratidza kuti bhaudhi rakareba, zvichiratidza kuti tembiricha ine simba pa ultrasonic wave. Pamufananidzo 6, nati inozvivharira inoshandiswawo pakuenzanisa, asi chikonzero nei curve yekuenzanisa isingachinji kurudyi ndechekuti kunyangwe paine kukweshana pakukwesha nati inozvivharira, kupisa kunogadzirwa, asi kupisa kwakabatanidzwa mukurekodha kureba kwekutanga kwebhaudhi. Yakabviswa, uye nguva yekuenzanisa bhaudhi ipfupi kwazvo (kazhinji isingasviki 5s), saka mhedzisiro yekupisa haionekwe pa curve yekuenzanisa.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mukuongororwa kuri pamusoro apa kuti kukweshana kweshinda mumhepo inokwesha kunokonzera kuti tembiricha yebhoti ikwire, izvo zvinoderedza kumhanya kwemafungu eultrasonic, izvo zvinoratidzwa sekuchinja kwakafanana kwekavha yekuenzanisa kurudyi. Torque, iyo yese inoenderana nekupisa kunogadzirwa nekukweshana kweshinda, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 10. MuTafura 2, hukuru hwekuchinja kwakarurama kwekavha yekuenzanisa uye kuwedzera kwekupisa kwebhoti panguva yese yekusimba zvinoverengwa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti hukuru hwekuchinja kwakarurama kwekavha yekuenzanisa hunoenderana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwetembiricha, uye hune hukama hwakaenzana. Chiyero chacho chingangoita 10.1. Tichifunga kuti tembiricha inowedzera ne10°C, musiyano wenguva yeacoustic unowedzera ne101ns, zvinoenderana nesimba re axial re24.4kN pakavha yeM12 bolt. Kubva pamaonero epanyama, zvinotsanangurwa kuti kuwedzera kwetembiricha kuchaita kuti hunhu hwe resonant hwezvinhu zvebhoti huchinje, zvekuti kumhanya kwemafungu eultrasonic kuburikidza nekavha kuchinje uye zvinokanganisa nguva yekupararira kwe ultrasonic.
4. Mazano
Kana uchishandisa nzungu dzakajairika uyenzungu inozvivharira yogakuti pave nekukwanisa kugadzirisa hunhu hwebhoti, pachava nekukwanisa kugadzirisa hunhu hwebhoti nenzira dzakasiyana. Kusimba kwesimba re self-locking nut kunowedzera tembiricha yebhoti, izvo zvinowedzera musiyano wenguva ye ultrasonic, uye hunhu hwekugadzirisa hunhu hwakawanikwa huchachinja kuenda kurudyi panguva imwe chete.
Munguva yebvunzo yerabhoritari, simba rekupisa pa ultrasonic wave rinofanira kubviswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kana kuti nzira imwechete yekuenzanisa inofanira kushandiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvekuongorora bolt uye axial force.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-19-2022
