1. Pfupi
Iyo yemukati tambo inoshandiswa ne longitudinal masaisai uye yakasarudzwa kuti ishandiswe inogadziriswa nemabhaudhi akajairikauye mabhaudhi anozvivharira, akaenzaniswa nemaitiro ekusimbisa akasiyana, uye musiyano uripo pakati pemabhaudhi anchor uye yekuzvivharira calibration anchoring characteristic curves inoongororwa.Mhedzisiro: Iyo bhaudhi uye bhaudhi calibration nzira ichawana akasiyana macalibration maficha, yekuvhara nguva chiyero checheni inoita iyo yega-calibration yega-calibration uye iyo yega-calibration nguva-yekuzvigadzirisa inotungamira kune zvakasiyana zvinangwa.Nekuda kweiyo yakajairwa yekufamba curve, iyo yakawanikwa akasiyana maficha anoenda kurudyi.
2. Test Philosophy
Parizvino, iyo ultrasonic nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubolt axial force testYekusimbisa poindi yemotokari subsystem, kureva, hukama hunhu curve (bolt calibration curve) pakati peiyo bolt axial simba uye ultrasonic ruzha nguva musiyano unowanikwa kumberi, uye inotevera bvunzo yeiyo chaiyo chikamu subsystem inoitwa.Iyo axial simba rebhaudhi mukusimbisa kubatana inogona kuwanikwa ne ultrasonically kuyera mutsauko wenguva yemutsindo webhoti uye uchireva kune calibration curve.Naizvozvo, kuwana iyo chaiyo calibration curve kunonyanya kukosha pakurongeka kweiyo bolt axial simba kuyerwa kunoguma mune chaiyo chikamu subsystem.Parizvino, nzira dzekuyedza dzea ultrasonic dzinonyanya kusanganisira imwechete wave nzira (kureva longitudinal wave nzira) uye inochinjika longitudinal wave nzira.
Muchigadziro chekugadzirisa mabhoti, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa maitiro ekugadzirisa, zvakadai sekureba kwekunamatira, tembiricha, kukurumidza kwemushini wekusimbisa, kugadzirisa zvigadziridzo, nezvimwewo. Parizvino, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa bhoti calibration nzira ndiyo inotenderera inosimbisa nzira.Mabhaudhi anoyerwa pabhenji rekuyedza bhaudhi, iro rinoda kugadzirwa kwezvigadziriso zvinotsigira zveaxial force sensor, inova ndiro yekumanikidza uye yemukati threaded hole fixture.Basa remukati rine threaded hole fixture nderoKutsiva anogara ari nzungu.Anti-yakasununguka dhizaini inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzekubatanidza nepamusoro kuchengetedza chinhu chemotokari chassis kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwekusunga kwayo.Imwe yeanopesana-yakasununguka nhanho yakagamuchirwa parizvino ndeye yekuzvivharira nati, kureva, inoshanda torque yekuvhara nati .
Munyori anotora iyo longitudinal wave nzira uye anoshandisa yakazvigadzira yemukati tambo yekumisikidza kusarudza yakajairwa nati uye inozvivharira nati kuyera bhaudhi.Kuburikidza neakasiyana ekusimbisa nzira uye nzira dzekugadzirisa, mutsauko uripo pakati peyakajairwa nati uye yekuzvivharira nati kuenzanisa bhaudhi curve inodzidzwa.Axial simba rekuyedza yemotokari subsystem fasteners inoita mamwe kurudziro.
Kuedza iyo axial simba remabhaudhi neultrasonic tekinoroji inzira isina kunanga yekuyedza.Maererano nenheyo ye sonoelasticity, kukurumidza kwekupararira kwezwi mune zvakasimba kunoenderana nekushungurudzika, saka mafungu e ultrasonic anogona kushandiswa kuwana axial simba remabhoti [5-8].Iyo bhaudhi ichazvitambanudza pachayo panguva yekusimbisa maitiro, uye panguva imwechete inoburitsa axial tensile kusagadzikana.Iyo ultrasonic pulse ichaendeswa kubva kumusoro webhoti kusvika kumuswe.Nekuda kwekuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaita density yepakati, ichadzoka nenzira yekutanga, uye pamusoro pebhaudhi ichagamuchira chiratidzo kuburikidza nepiezoelectric ceramic.musiyano wenguva Δt.The schematic diagram ye ultrasonic testing inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Musiyano wenguva unoenderana nekurebesa.
Kuedza iyo axial simba remabhaudhi neultrasonic tekinoroji inzira isina kunanga yekuyedza.Zvinoenderana nemusimboti we sonoelasticity, kukurumidza kwekupararira kwezwi mune yakasimba kune hukama nekushushikana, saka mafungu e ultrasonic anogona kushandiswa kuwana.iyo axial simba remabhaudhi.Iyo bhaudhi inozvitwasanudza pachayo panguva yekuomesa maitiro, uye panguva imwechete inoburitsa axial tensile kusagadzikana.Iyo ultrasonic pulse ichaendeswa kubva kumusoro webhoti kusvika kumuswe.Nekuda kwekuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaitika mukuwanda kwepakati, ichadzoka nenzira yepakutanga, uye pamusoro pebhaudhi ichagamuchira chiratidzo kuburikidza nepiezoelectric ceramic.musiyano wenguva Δt.The schematic diagram ye ultrasonic testing inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Musiyano wenguva unoenderana nekurebesa.
M12 mm × 1.75 mm × 100 mm uyezve kutsanangurwa kwemabhaudhi, shandisa mabhaudhi akajairwa kugadzirisa 5 mabhaudhi akadaro, tanga washandisa self-anchor bvunzo nemhando dzakasiyana dze calibration solder paste, ndeye artificial spiral plate kubhaudha flange yakakodzera uye. dzvanya Paunenge uchitarisa iyo yekutanga wave (kureva, kurekodha yepakutanga L0), wobva waisa ku100 N m+30 ° nechishandiso chimwe (chinonzi mhando I nzira), uye imwe yacho ndeyekutarisisa wave yekutanga uye nekuipa. kusvika kuhukuru hunotarirwa nepfuti inosimbisa (inonzi mhando I nzira).Kune yechipiri mhando nzira), pachava neimwe mhando mukuita uku (sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4) 5 ndiyo yakajairwa bhaudhi uye yekuzvivharira nzira Iyo curve mushure mekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nerudzi rweI nzira Mufananidzo 6 ndiyo yekuzvi-. kukiya mhando.Mufananidzo 6 ikirasi yekuzvivharira.Kirasi I uye Kirasi II macurves.Iyo nzira yekushandisa inogona kunge iri, shandisa iyo tsika curve yeyakajairwa anchor kirasi, yakangofanana (zvese zvinopfuura nepamabviro neyakafanana chikamu chiyero uye nhamba yemapoinzi);kiya indekisi yemhando yeanchor point type (type I uye anchor mark, kutsetseka kwemusiyano wepakati uye nhamba yemapoinzi);kuwana zvakafanana)
Kuedza 3 ndeyekuseta iyo Y3 kurongeka kweGrafu Setup mune yekutora data chiridzwa software seye tembiricha inoronga (uchishandisa yekunze tembiricha sensor), isa kureba kwebhaudhi kusvika ku60 mm yekuenzanisa, uye kurekodha torque/axial force/ tembiricha uye curve yekona.Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nekuenderera mberi kwekutsvaira kwebhoti, kutonhora kuri kuramba kuchikwira, uye kukwira kwekushisa kunogona kuonekwa semutsara.Iwo mana mabhoti samples akasarudzwa kuti aenzanise neanozvivharira nzungu.Mufananidzo 9 unoratidza macalibration curves emabhaudhi mana.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ma curves mana ose anoshandurirwa kurudyi, asi dhigirii rekushandura rakasiyana.Tafura 2 inorekodha chinhambwe icho calibration curve inochinjika kurudyi uye tembiricha inowedzera panguva yekusimbisa maitiro.Zvinogona kuoneka kuti dhigirii reiyo calibration curve inochinjika kurudyi inongoenderana nekuwedzera tembiricha.
3. Mhedziso neKukurukurirana
Iyo bhoti inoiswa kune yakasanganiswa chiito che axial kusagadzikana uye torsional kushushikana panguva yekuomesa, uye iyo inoguma simba rezviviri inopedzisira yaita kuti bhaudhi ripe.Mukugadzirisa bhaudhi, chete axial simba rebhaudhi rinoratidzwa pane calibration curve kuti ipe simba rekumanikidza reiyo subsystem yekusimbisa.Inogona kuonekwa kubva pamigumisiro yekuedzwa muChifananidzo 5 kuti, kunyange zvazvo iri nut yakazvivharira, kana kureba kwekutanga kwakanyorwa mushure mekunge bhaudhi rave richitenderedzwa nemaoko kusvika parinenge rava kuda kukodzera nzvimbo inotakura yekumanikidza. ndiro, iyo calibration curve mhedzisiro inopindirana neiyo yeyakajairika nut.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti munharaunda iyi, pesvedzero yekuzvivharira torque ye-self-locking nut haina basa.
Kana bhaudhi yakanyatsosimbiswa mukati me-self-locking nut nepfuti yemagetsi, iyo curve ichaenda kurudyi zvachose, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti torque yekuzvivharira inokanganisa nguva yeacoustic mukuenzanisa. curve.Tarisa chikamu chekutanga chevhavha yakachinjirwa kurudyi, zvichiratidza kuti simba reaxial harisati ragadzirwa pasi pemamiriro ekuti bhaudhi rine huwandu hwekurebesa, kana simba reaxial idiki kwazvo, iro rakaenzana neiyo bhaudhi ine. haina kudzvinyirirwa pamusoro peaxial force sensor.Kutambanudza, zviripachena kurebesa kwebhaudhi panguva ino kureba kwenhema, kwete kurebesa chaiko.Chikonzero chekurebesa kwenhema ndechekuti kupisa kunogadzirwa ne-self-locking torque panguva yekusimbisa mhepo kunokanganisa kupararira kwemafungu e ultrasonic, ayo anoratidzwa pane curve.Inoratidza kuti bhaudhi rakareba, zvichiratidza kuti tembiricha ine chekuita pane iyo ultrasonic wave.Kune Mufananidzo 6, iyo yekuzvivharira nati inoshandiswawo kugadzirisa, asi chikonzero nei calibration curve isingachinji kuenda kurudyi ndechekuti kunyangwe paine kukweshana kana kupuruzira mukati inozvivharira nati, kupisa kunogadzirwa, asi kupisa kunogadzirwa. yakabatanidzwa mukurekodhwa kwehurefu hwekutanga hwebhaudhi.Yakacheneswa, uye nguva yekuenzanisa bhaudhi ipfupi kwazvo (kazhinji isingasviki 5s), saka mhedzisiro yetembiricha hairatidzike pane calibration hunhu curve.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pakuongorora kuri pamusoro apa kuti tambo yetambo mumhepo screwing inoita kuti tembiricha yebhaudhi ikwire, izvo zvinoderedza ultrasonic wave velocity, iyo inoratidzwa sekuchinja kwakafanana kwecalibration curve kurudyi.Torque, zvose zviri zviviri zvakaenzana nekupisa kunogadzirwa netambo friction, sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 10. MuTebhu 2, ukuru hwekuchinja kwakarurama kwekona yekuenzanisa uye kuwedzera kwekushisa kwebhoti panguva yese yekusimbisa inoverengwa.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ukuru hwekuchinja kwekodzero ye calibration curve inopindirana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwekushisa, uye ine mutsara wakaenzana wehukama.Chiyero chinenge 10.1.Tichifunga kuti tembiricha inowedzera ne10 ° C, musiyano wenguva yeacoustic unowedzera ne101ns, inoenderana neaxial force ye24.4kN paM12 bolt calibration curve.Kubva pakuona kwemuviri, zvinotsanangurwa kuti kuwedzera kwekushisa kuchaita kuti resonant pfuma ye bolt zvinhu ichinje, kuitira kuti iyo ultrasonic wave inokurumidza kuburikidza nebhoti yepakati inoshanduka uye inokanganisa iyo ultrasonic propagation nguva.
4. Zano
Paunenge uchishandisa zvakajairika nut uyekuzvivharira natikuenzanisa iyo hunhu curve yebhaudhi, akasiyana calibration maitiro macurves anozowanikwa nekuda kwenzira dzakasiyana.Iyo yekusimbisa torque yeiyo yekuzvivharira nati inowedzera tembiricha yebhaudhi, iyo inowedzera iyo ultrasonic nguva mutsauko, uye yakawanikwa calibration hunhu curve ichaenda kurudyi mukufanana.
Munguva yekuyedzwa kwerabhoritari, pesvedzero yetembiricha pane iyo ultrasonic wave inofanirwa kubviswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kana iyo yakafanana nzira yekuenzanisa inofanirwa kutorwa mumatanho maviri ekuyeresa bhaudhi uye axial simba bvunzo.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-19-2022